DALLAS, Texas, Oct 12 (Reuters) - A Texas health worker has
contracted Ebola after treating a Liberian who died of the disease at a
Dallas hospital last week, raising concern about how U.S. medical
guidelines aimed at stopping the spread of the disease were breached.
The
infected worker, identified as a woman but not named by authorities as
they announced the case on Sunday, is believed to be the first person to
contract the disease in the United States.
Health officials said
the worker at the Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital had been wearing
protective gear during treatment of Thomas Eric Duncan. Duncan was a
Liberian who died on Wednesday after being exposed to Ebola in his home
country and developing the disease while visiting the United States.
The outbreak in West Africa, the worst outbreak on record of Ebola,
has killed more than 4,000 people, mostly in Liberia, Sierra Leone and
Guinea.
The new case in Texas indicated a professional lapse that
may have caused other health workers at the hospital to also be
infected, said the director of the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC).
"We don't know what occurred in the care of the
index patient, the original patient, in Dallas, but at some point there
was a breach in protocol, and that breach in protocol resulted in this
infection," CDC director Dr. Thomas Frieden told a news conference.
"We
are evaluating other potential healthcare worker exposures because if
this individual was exposed, which they were, it is possible that other
individuals were exposed," he said.
The worker was in close
contact with Duncan and initial testing shows that the level of virus in
her system is low. The CDC will conduct a secondary test to confirm the
results from a lab in Austin that showed Ebola infection, he said.
"Unfortunately it is possible in the coming days that we will see additional cases of Ebola," he said.
Frieden
said there was one person who may have had contact with the infected
health worker when she could possible transmit the disease and that
person is being monitored.
Frieden said the intubation of Duncan
and use of a dialysis machine - measures taken while trying to save his
life - posed high risk for transmission of the virus.
Duncan died
in an isolation ward on Oct. 8, 11 days after being admitted. More than
50 people attended to his care. The hospital said it was decontaminating
its isolation unit while health officials said Duncan's body had been
cremated.
'FULL CDC PRECAUTIONS'
Dan Varga, the hospital's
chief clinical officer told a news conference that the infected worker
"was following full CDC precautions ... so gown, glove, mask and
shield."
The hospital has already faced criticism for at first
turning away Duncan when he first showed up there on Sept. 25, saying he
had been in Liberia and had a fever. About two days after he was
discharged, he grew much sicker and was taken back by ambulance and put
in an isolation unit.
None of the 10 people who had close contact
with him or 38 people who had contact with that group have shown any
symptoms, state health officials said.
Texas officials did not identify the health worker or give any details about the person, but CNN said it was a woman nurse.
The
Texas case is not the first outside badly hit West Africa in which a
health care worker contracted the disease after contact with a patient.
In
Spain, a nurse who contracted Ebola after caring for two infected
priests repatriated to Spain remained seriously ill but is showing signs
of improvement. Teresa Romero, 44, is so far the only person who has
tested positive for Ebola through a transmission in the country.
Fifteen
people were being monitored in a Madrid hospital for signs of Ebola on
Sunday, as the Spanish government tries to contain recriminations over
how it has handled the case. None have so far shown any symptoms.
EBOLA PAMPHLETS
In
Dallas, there was a yellow hazardous material drum on the lawn of the
brick apartment where the Texas health worker lived and information
pamphlets about the Ebola virus were stuffed in the doors in the
surrounding blocks of the apartment.
Neighbor Cliff Lawson, 57, said he was woken at 6:00 a.m. by two Dallas police officers who told him "don't panic."
"I went back to bed after that. There's nothing you can do about it. You can't wrap your house in bubble wrap," Lawson said.
A team is decontaminating the patient's apartment and car, Dallas Mayor Mike Rawlings said.
The
hospital said in a statement that the new patient, who had not been
working for two days, had been taking her own temperature twice a day.
The worker informed the hospital of a fever and was isolated immediately
upon arrival there.
A union for registered nurses said the Ebola
case in Dallas shows that not enough is being done to educate health
workers on how to manage patients who show signs of infection.
"Handing
out a piece of paper with a link to the Centers for Disease Control, or
telling nurses just to look at the CDC website - as we have heard some
hospitals are doing - is not preparedness," said Bonnie Castillo, a
registered nurse and senior official with National Nurses United.
SCREENING AT JFK AIRPORT
News
of the second patient in Dallas came as U.S. authorities step up
efforts to stop the spread of the virus. New York's John F. Kennedy
Airport on Saturday began the screening of travelers from the three
hardest hit West African countries.
Liberia is the country worst
affected by the virus with 2,316 victims, followed by 930 in Sierra
Leone, 778 in Guinea, eight in Nigeria and one in the United States, the
World Health Organization said on Friday. Some 4,033 people are known
to have died in seven countries from the outbreak, it said.
Ebola
is spread through contact with bodily fluids of an affected person or
contamination from objects such as needles. People are not contagious
before symptoms such as fever develop.
The United Nations said on
Friday that its appeal for $1 billion to respond to the West Africa
outbreak was only 25 percent funded. (Reporting by Jim Forsyth in San
Antonio, Frank McGurty in New York, David Bailey in Minneapolis, David
Morgan in Washington and Sarah White in Spain; Writing by Jon
Herskovitz, Jason Neely and Brendan O'Brien; Editing by Anna Willard,
Stephen Powell and Frances Kerry)